Effectivity of compound fertilizer application on sugarcane producticity and farmer's
Nunik Eka Diana, Sujak, dan Djumali
Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute
Karangploso, PO. Box 199 Malang
E-mail: nekadk(at)yahoo.com
Accepted : December 13 2016; revised : September 6 2017; approved : September 8 2017
Abstract
Increased productivity of sugarcane can be done through balanced fertilization. In this case, the usage of compound fertilizers is still not use widely on sugarcane crops. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of compound fertilizer N20P10K12 on sugarcane productivity and farmer’s income. The research was done in Pakiskembar; subdistrict Pakis, Malang in November 2014 to October 2015. Seven doses of N20P10K12 fertilizers namely (1) 100 N + 50 P + 60 K +40 N single fertilizer kg/ha, (2) 120 N + 60 P + 72 K + 40 N single fertilizer kg/ha, (3) 140 N + 70 P + 84 K + 40 N single fertilizer kg/ha, (4) 100 N + 50 P + 60 K + 60 N single fertilizer kg/ha, (5) 120 N + 60 P + 72 K + 60 N single fertilizer kg/ha, (6) 140 N + 70 P + 84 K + 60 N single fertilizer kg/ha, dan (7) 80 N + 40 P + 48 K + 100 N single fertilizer kg/ha, (8) 60 N + 60 P + 60 K + 120 N single fertilizer kg/ha (a standard fertilizer application) and control (without fertilization) arranged in a randomized block design and replicated four times. Observations were made on parameters of growth and productivity. The results showed that the fertilizer application with dose 140 N + 70 P + 84 K (compound fertilizer) + 60 N single fertilizer kg/ha gave reltive agronomic effectiveness (RAE) 144.27%, net income Rp. 66.72 million/ha, R/C 1.84, and increased productivity of sugarcane 36% higher than that of standard fertilizer application.
Effect of Rhizobacteria in Content of Salicylic Acid and Total Phenol of Kenaf Against Nematodes Infections
Kristiana Sri Wijayanti1, Bambang Tri Rahardjo2, dan Toto Himawan2
1)Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute
Karangploso, PO. Box 199 Malang, Indonesia
2)Plant and Disease Department of Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Email: anggrihervani(at)yahoo.com
Accepted : March 14 2017; revised : October 19 2017; approved : October 23 2017
Abstract
Root knoot disease of kenaf caused by nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is an important disease since it lowers quality and quantity of the fiber. Colonization of rhizobacteria in rhizosphere acts as an antagonist that can be utilized in plant resistance to pathogens. The role of rhizobacteria as a bioprotectan could reduce nematode population, and thus affect development of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of rhizobacteria in improving kenaf resistance against root knot nematode by inhibiting the production of total phenols and salicylic acid. Application of rhizobacteria was done by soaking or without soaking kenaf seeds either singly or in consortium. There were three rhizobacteria used in this study, i.e: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter sp. The content of total phenols and salicylic acid was observed at 15 and 25 days after inoculation using a spectrophotometer. The highest elevation level of total phenols and salicylic acid was obtained when kenaf seeds were soaked in P. fluorescens 513,45% and 235,99% respectively. There is an increase dry weight of kenaf with aplication of rhizobacteria compared with controls.
Chemical Characteristics of Boll, Bast, and Leaf Fibers
Elda Nurnasari, Nurindah
Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute
Karangploso, PO. Box 199 Malang, Indonesia
E-mail: eldanurnasari(at)yahoo.com
Accepted : November 9 2017; revised : December 5 2017; revised : December 19 2017
Abstract
Non-wood natural fibers are categorized into three groups, viz. boll fiber, bast fiber and leaf fiber. Those natural fibers have specific characters. Chemical characters as well as physical and dynamical characters of the fibers are useful for their utilization in natural fiber based industries. This research aims are to analyse chemical characters of cotton boll fibers, bast fiber of abaca, and leaf fiber of sisal, as well as to discuss the possibility of their use in fiber based industries. The information of the fibers chemical characters is needed for developing their use as the main materials of strategic industries. The data are also useful for developing derivates products or product diversification, so that could be an added value of the natural fibers. The characterization of those fibers used Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods to analyse the content of cellulose, hemi cellulose, holocellulose, lignin, and pentosan, as well as the extractive compounds. Result showed that cotton fiber has the highest cellulose content (98.06%), the bast fiber of abaca has the highest lignin content (7.63%), and sisal has the highest hemicellulose content (21.9%). Holocellulose content of those fibers were around 93.3-94.7%. The content of extractive compound of the fibers (in term of disolve capacity of fiber in alcohol-benzene, hot and cold water) was catogerized as very low (less than 5%). These information regarding to the chemical characters of those three fibers when are integrated with the fiber-physical and dynamical characters would be useful for developing the utilization of the fibers into natural-fiber-based industries, such as paper money, biocomposite for automotive industry, biopolymers, and nano fiber products.
The Techniques of Dormancy Breaking to Increase Seed Viability of Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)
Taufiq Hidayat RS, Marjani
Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute
Karangploso, PO. Box 199 Malang, Indonesia
E-mail: hidayat.taufiq87(at)gmail.com
Accepted : December 4 2017; revised : December 22 2017; approved : December 28 2017
Abstract
Jute plants in Indonesia have prospects and opportunities to be used as raw materials for pulp and paper sack industries. Jute seeds have a low germination because they have hard seed shells and long dormancy periods. This study aims to determine the dormancy seed breaking technique to increase the germination level of jute seeds. The research method used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor consisted of jute seed harvest in 2006 and 2005, the second factor consisted of germination media (paper and sand), and the third factor consisted of the treatment of seeds soaking (without soaking, soaking in 80oC water for 1 hour, in 80oC water for 2 hours, in 80oC water for 3 hours, in 27oC water for 12 hours, in 27oC water for 20 hours and in 27oC water for 25 hours). The results showed that the interaction between three factors gave a significant effect on the percentage of germination, percentage of hard seed and root length. The jute seed harvest in 2006 were soaked in 80ºC water for 3 hours and were germinated on paper media showed the best simultaneous growth percentage (90%), germination (90%), lowest hard seed (9%), plumula length (3.88 cm) and the longest radical length (3.89 cm). Those parameters were not significantly different between the two jute accessions. Soaking the seeds in 80oC water for 3 hours and then germinate the seeds on paper could break the seed dormancy and increase the germination.
Potential Divercification of Herbs Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) for Food and Health
Elda Nurnasari dan Ahmad Dhiaul Khuluq
Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute
Karangploso, PO. Box 199 Malang, Indonesia
E-mail: eldanurnasari(at)yahoo.com
Accepted : February 14 2017; revised : October 12 2017; approved : December 8 2017
Abstract
Plants of the genus Hibiscus that produce natural fibers are roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). The benefit value of roselle is very wide for food and health, so the potential of roselle product diversification is quite large. The purpose of this review provides information on potential phytochemical content of herbs roselle plants that have pharmacological and physiological effects as well as some product diversification for food, drink, and health product. The plant part of herbs roselle that has potential phytochemical content is leaves, fruit, seed stem and root. These potential phytochemical compounds include groups compounds of phenol, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and organic acids. The functions of herbs roselle for pharmacological and physiological include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, and antihypertensive activity. Products diversification of herbs roselle includes nanocapsul of roselle extract, natural dyes, functional foods, herbal medicines, feed additives, cosmetic ingredients, cooking oil, paints, and biofuels. The innovation technological of production process in the roselle product diversification needs to be continuously done to increase the added value and optimization of bioactive herb component utilization. Therefore it is expected to improve the welfare of farmers and national production of herbs roselle.
